Exploring Patient Experiences and Challenges to Diabetes Self-Management among Diabetic Patients in the North Shoa Zone

Akine Eshete
Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia

Zenebe Abebe
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Asrat Woldeyes

Lemma Getacher
DBU

Abera Lambebo
Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia

Tilahun Deresse
Department of Surgery, Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Despite ongoing care and interventions, many patients with diabetes still struggle with poor self-care and limited knowledge. Understanding patient experiences, challenges, and barriers to self-care is essential to help manage and control diabetic health conditions. This current study aimed to explore patient experiences and challenges to diabetes self-care.

Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted from July 1 to 30, 2024, in the North Shoa Zone of the Amhara region. The study included a total of 25 participants who were selected with the maximum variation sampling method. Data were collected using an interview guide, then recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using ATLAS.ti V25. Key codes, subthemes, and main themes related to diabetes self-care and its challenges and barriers were identified using a thematic framework.

Results: Self-management of diabetes was often inadequate. Self-monitoring of blood sugar, dietary practices, regular physical activity, and foot care were the main challenges for almost all participants. The challenges and barriers related to self-management included limited knowledge about self-care, socioeconomic constraints, inadequate guidance, psychological factors such as low motivation and stress, limited social support, cultural influences, and poor access to essential resources.

Conclusion: The patients’ experience of self-management behavior was insufficient due to multiple challenges and barriers. Integrated behavioral change interventions are essential to address barriers at all levels. This includes culturally tailored education on recommended behaviors, as well as mental health support and guidance at the community and family level. 

Keywords: Patient experience in self-management behavior, Barrier to self-management behavior, North Shoa zone